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Canada is the second largest country in the world. The government is located in North America, north of the United States. In the north, it is washed by the waters of the Arctic Ocean; in the west - by the Pacific Ocean; in the east - by the Atlantic Ocean. From west to east, it reaches 7,700 km, and from north to south - 4,600 km. Almost 90% of the total population of Canada lives within 160 km of the border with the United States. The area of ​​the state is 10 million square kilometers.

 

Founded by the French explorer Jacques Cartier in 1534, Canada originated from a French colony on the site of present-day Quebec City, originally inhabited by indigenous peoples.

 

The name "Canada" originates from a word meaning "village" or "settlement" in the Laurentian language, which was spoken by the Laurentian Iroquois in the early 16th century. These Iroquois wintered at the village of Stadacona, located near present-day Quebec City. Jacques Cartier encountered them in the summer of 1534 at their seasonal camp. In 1535, the inhabitants of what is now Quebec City used the term to guide Cartier to the village of Stadacona. Soon after Cartier's expedition, the Laurentian tribe vanished without a trace, likely due to conflicts with the Huron and Southern Iroquois, as indicated by modern archaeological excavations.

 

Cartier used the word "Canada" to refer not only to this village but also to the entire region, which also included the village of Hochelaga. Today, historians agree that the "country of Canada" originally referred to the modern environs of Quebec. By 1545, European books and maps referred to this region and all the banks of the St. Lawrence River, which the French settled as "Canada." This name was later adopted for most of the neighboring territories in North America, which were ruled by the British Empire.

 

Canada's climate is as diverse as its geography. The north represents a moderate and subarctic climate.  The maritime provinces appreciate a milder and more humid weather. The mountainous regions have a continental climate. Canada experiences four distinct seasons, adding to the country's charm and intrigue.

 

Administrative divisions. 10 provinces (from west to east: British Columbia, Alberta, Saskatchewan, Manitoba, Ontario, Quebec, New Brunswick, Prince Edward Island, Nova Scotia, Newfoundland and Labrador) and three territories (from west to east: Yukon, Northwest Territories and Nunavut)

 

Government structure. Canada is a constitutional monarchy, but it is a federal democratic state with a parliamentary form of government. Nominally, the head of state is the Queen of England, who the Governor General represents. Actual power is concentrated in the hands of the Prime Minister, who heads the government and the armed forces. The bicameral parliament (the House of Commons and the Senate) is the highest legislative body.

 

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