Gregorian calendar. This solar calendar is used in most countries worldwide, including Europe. The calendar got its name from its founder, Pope Gregory XIII. In 1582, he introduced a new calendar system to correct the errors of the Julian calendar, which was previously used. The calculation is based on the solar cycle, and the years are counted from the supposed date of Christ's birth or the beginning of the Christian era. The current year, according to the Gregorian calendar, is 2025.
Chinese calendar. This is a lunisolar calendar, in which the beginning of the year is the second new moon after the winter solstice. It is used to determine the dates of holidays and the beginning of various types of agricultural work. It is also used when choosing an auspicious day for a wedding or other important event.
This calendar also uses a cycle: a combination of 10- and 12-year cycles. It is well-known to those interested in Chinese astrology. The ten-year cycle is based on the five elements of Chinese metaphysics (Wood, Fire, Earth, Metal, Water) and two principles - Yang and Yin. The twelve-year cycle is associated with the images of 12 animals: Rat, Ox, Tiger, Rabbit, Dragon, Snake, Horse, Sheep, Monkey, Rooster, Dog, Pig. The combination of element and animal is repeated once every 60 years. For example, from February 10, 2024, to January 28, 2025, the year of the Wood Dragon continues. The previous such year was 1964, and the next will be 2084. This calculation was conducted in the third millennium BC. According to the Chinese calendar, now is the year 4272.
Jewish calendar. This lunisolar calendar is official in Israel along with the Gregorian calendar. It counts the years from October 7, 3761 BC, the supposed date of the world's creation. A year consists of 12 lunar months, to which a thirteenth is added in a leap year, and can last from 354 to 383 days. The year in the civil Jewish calendar begins on the first day of the month of Tishrei, which is calculated so that 10 Tishrei does not fall on Friday or Sunday, and 21 Tishrei does not fall on Saturday. 2025, according to the Jewish calendar, is 5785 until September 22; later, 5786 will begin.
Muslim calendar. This lunar calendar is also called the Islamic calendar. Years are counted from the Hijra - July 16, 622 CE, when the Prophet Muhammad moved from Mecca to Medina. The Hijra calendar is another established name for the Muslim calendar. According to this calendar, there are 345 or 355 days a year. Its beginning relative to the Gregorian calendar is constantly shifting, and the months are not connected with the seasons: for example, those that fell in the summer, after a while, become winter, and vice versa. According to the Muslim calendar, 2025 is 1446 until June 26, and later 1447 will begin.
Thai calendar. The official chronology in the Kingdom of Thailand is based on the Buddhist calendar. The beginning of the lunar year falls on the first day of the waning moon of the month of Dian Ai, corresponding to December. However, the official date of the change of year is January 1. It was established in 1940 by royal decree. The Gregorian calendar, which marks the days of the full moon and the new moon, is also in use.
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